Directory 2 of 2
Rare earth companies in the US: miners, refiners, magnet makers and recyclers (2026)
MP Materials is the largest US rare earth producer. It runs the only active primary rare earth mine, produced 917 t of NdPr oxide in Q1 2026 and began making magnets at its Independence plant in Texas in Dec 2025.
This page profiles 27 companies across 5 supply chain steps: 15 are publicly listed, 9 are private and 3 are subsidiaries.
Verified through Oct 1, 2026
- Companies profiled
- 27Each with US assets or projects
- Supply chain steps
- 5Mining to recycling
- Publicly listed
- 159 private, 3 subsidiaries
- Plants operating
- 10Demonstration and commercial, mapped
- Federal support tracked
- $8.18B11% closed or awarded
Mine to magnet
Which US companies do each step from mine to magnet?
The US has profiled companies at all 5 steps: 13 in mining and development, 6 in separation, 6 in metal and alloy, 7 in magnets and 4 in recycling. Some companies work at several steps, so the counts add to more than 27.
- 01 Mining and development 13
Ore, concentrate and by-product streams
- 02 Separation and refining 6
Concentrate to separated oxides
- 03 Metal and alloy 6
Oxides to metals and magnet alloys
- 04 Magnet manufacturing 7
NdFeB and SmCo magnets
- 05 Recycling 4
Magnet and e-waste feedstock
Lead asset status: ProducingOther commodityDevelopmentExplorationPlant operatingPlant buildingPlant planned
Colored markers show each company's lead asset status, using the same labels as the mines directory. The mine to magnet guide explains what happens at each step.
The directory
Which companies work in US rare earths today?
The US has 27 profiled rare earth companies with US assets or projects. The table shows each one's role in the chain, lead asset status, listing and government support; filter by role or listing, search by company or ticker, or click a column to sort.
| Company | Role in the chain | Lead asset status | Listing | Flagship assets | Government support | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MP Materials Miner, separator, metal and magnet maker | MiningSeparationMetal and alloyMagnets | Producing | NYSE: MP | Mountain Pass (CA); Independence magnet plant (Fort Worth, TX); 10X campus (Northlake, TX) | DoD $400M preferred stock and $110/kg NdPr floor (completed) | High |
| USA Rare Earth Developer and magnet maker (mine to magnet) | MiningMetal and alloyMagnets | Plant operating | Nasdaq: USAR | Round Top (TX); Stillwater magnet plant (OK); Blacksburg campus (SC); Wheat Ridge lab (CO); LCM metals (UK) | Commerce up to $1.6B, definitive agreements (Jun 2026), milestone-based; plus announced support for Serra Verde in Brazil | High |
| Energy Fuels Uranium miller turned rare earth separator | SeparationMetal and alloy | Plant operating | NYSE American: UUUU; TSX: EFR | White Mesa Mill (UT); Donald Project JV (Australia) | Office of Strategic Capital $725M loan (conditional) | High |
| American Rare Earths Developer | Mining | Development | ASX: ARR (US OTC listing) | Halleck Creek (WY); La Paz (AZ) | None recorded | Medium-High |
| Rare Element Resources Developer | Mining | Development | OTCQB: REEMF | Bear Lodge / Bull Hill (WY); demonstration plant (Upton, WY) | FAST-41 permitting coverage (Mar 2026) | High |
| Ramaco Resources Coal producer with rare earth development | Mining | Other commodity | Nasdaq: METC | Brook Mine (WY); iCAM research center; Strategic Critical Minerals Terminal (announced Oct 2025) | Wyoming $6.1M grant for the processing plant (state) | Medium-High |
| NioCorp Developer (niobium, scandium, titanium, rare earths) | Mining | Development | Nasdaq: NB | Elk Creek (NE) | EXIM about $780M to $800M (in review); $10M Department of War grant | Medium-High |
| Vulcan Elements Metal and magnet maker (private) | Metal and alloyMagnets | Plant operating | Private | Benson, NC magnet campus (Johnston County) | Office of Strategic Capital $620M conditional loan; Commerce $50M letter of intent | High |
| Ucore Rare Metals Separation technology and processor | Separation | Plant building | TSXV: UCU; OTCQX: UURAF | Louisiana Strategic Metals Complex (Alexandria, LA); Bokan Mountain (AK) | DoD $18.4M plus $4M earlier (awarded) | Medium-High |
| Idaho Strategic Resources Explorer | Mining | Exploration | NYSE American: IDR | Lemhi Pass; Diamond Creek; Mineral Hill (ID) | None recorded | Medium |
| US Critical Materials Developer (private) | Mining | Exploration | Private | Sheep Creek (MT) | Idaho National Laboratory CRADA (Phase II) | Medium |
| Aclara Resources Heavy rare earth separation developer | Separation | Plant planned | TSX: ARA | Port of Vinton, LA separation facility | EXIM letter of interest up to $750M (non-binding, Sept 2026) | Medium-High |
| Noveon Magnetics Magnet maker and recycler (private) | MagnetsRecycling | Plant operating | Private | San Marcos magnet plant | None recorded | High |
| eVAC Magnetics Magnet maker | Magnets | Plant operating | VAC Group is being acquired by Energy Fuels | Sumter, SC NdFeB plant | DoD $94.1M award and $111.9M Section 48C tax credit | High |
| Phoenix Tailings Metal refiner (private) | Metal and alloy | Plant operating | Private | Exeter, NH rare earth metal refinery | Office of Strategic Capital $500M loan (conditional, Jun 2026); DOE selection for about $66M (Jun 2026) | Medium-High |
| ReElement Technologies Refiner and recycler (American Resources affiliate) | SeparationRecycling | Plant building | Private (American Resources, Nasdaq: AREC, holds a minority stake) | Marion, IN advanced technology center | Office of Strategic Capital $80M conditional loan and $25M Department of War investment (Jul 2026) | Medium-High |
| Cyclic Materials Magnet recycler (private) | Recycling | Plant operating | Private | Mesa, AZ commercial recycling facility | None recorded | High |
| HyProMag USA Magnet recycler (Mkango/CoTec venture) | RecyclingMagnets | Plant planned | Private venture | Texas recycling and magnet facility (planned) | EXIM letter of interest, up to $92M | Medium |
| REalloys Metals and alloys | Metal and alloy | Plant operating | Nasdaq: ALOY | Euclid, OH metallization facility | EXIM letter of interest up to $200M (non-binding, Oct 2025) | Medium-High |
| Arnold Magnetic Technologies SmCo and NdFeB magnets (Compass Diversified) | Magnets | Plant operating | Subsidiary of Compass Diversified (NYSE: CODI) | US magnet operations (confirm sites) | None recorded | High |
| Lynas USA Planned heavy rare earth plant (Seadrift, TX), Lynas Rare Earths subsidiary | Separation | Plant planned | Parent: ASX: LYC | Seadrift, TX (uncertain) | Department of War binding letter of intent, about $96M of oxide purchases | Medium |
| American Resources Corp Coal producer with a minority stake in ReElement | Holding company | Plant building | Nasdaq: AREC; holds a minority stake in ReElement Technologies | ReElement stake | DOE coal-waste pilot (selected for award negotiation, Jul 2026) | Medium |
| Ionic Mineral Technologies Explorer (private) | Mining | Exploration | Private | Silicon Ridge (UT) | None recorded | Medium |
| Dateline Resources Explorer (gold-first) | Mining | Exploration | ASX: DTR | Colosseum (CA) | None recorded | Medium |
| ElementUSA Red-mud rare earth recovery | Mining | Plant planned | Private | Gramercy, LA tailings project | DoW $29.9M award (Nov 2025); DOE $67M with Colorado School of Mines (selected for award negotiation) | Medium |
| Peabody Coal miner piloting rare earth recovery | Mining | Other commodity | NYSE: BTU | Powder River Basin pilot (Rawhide mine, WY) | DOE coal-waste pilot (selected for award negotiation, Jul 2026) | Medium |
| Chemours Titanium and zirconium producer; monazite by-product | Mining | Other commodity | NYSE: CC | Trail Ridge (FL); Offerman plant (GA) | None recorded | Medium |
No profiled company matches that search.
"Lead asset status" uses the same status labels as the mines directory and describes the company's most advanced US asset. Tickers and exchanges are facts, not recommendations. Government support rows keep their status (closed, conditional, letter of intent) in the government support tracker.
Data CSV JSON Free to use with a link back to this page.
Smaller and early-stage firms appear in the role pages as table rows and are not profiled yet: Rare Earth Salts, Tusaar, Electron Energy Corporation, Altatech / Rivalia Chemical / REEcycle, CONSOL Innovations, University of North Dakota (Falkirk).
Which US companies mine rare earths?
Only MP Materials mines rare earths at scale in the US, at Mountain Pass. Ramaco is developing Brook Mine in Wyoming and has not yet produced commercially. 8 other companies develop or explore US hard-rock deposits, and 3 more recover rare earths from by-product streams.
MP Materials owns Mountain Pass, and Ramaco Resources operates Brook Mine. The 3 by-product recoverers are Chemours (monazite from heavy-mineral sands), ElementUSA (bauxite residue in Louisiana) and Peabody (coal in Wyoming's Powder River Basin).
Every mine on this list is also in the rare earth mines directory with its status, resource and timeline.
- USA Rare Earth Round Top Plant operating
- American Rare Earths Halleck Creek, La Paz Development
- Rare Element Resources Bear Lodge Development
- NioCorp Elk Creek Development
- Idaho Strategic Resources Lemhi Pass, Diamond Creek Exploration
- US Critical Materials Sheep Creek Exploration
- Ionic Mineral Technologies Silicon Ridge Exploration
- Dateline Resources Colosseum Exploration
Which US companies separate and refine rare earths?
Two US sites separate rare earths commercially: MP Materials at Mountain Pass and Energy Fuels at White Mesa Mill. ReElement, Ucore, Aclara and Lynas USA are building or planning separation plants in Indiana, Louisiana and Texas.
| Company | Site | Status | What the sources say |
|---|---|---|---|
| MP Materials | Mountain Pass, California | Plant operating | 917 t of NdPr oxide in Q1 2026; heavy rare earth circuit mechanically complete in May 2026. |
| Energy Fuels | White Mesa Mill, Utah | Plant operating | About 38 t of NdPr oxide in 2024; first terbium and dysprosium oxide at 99.9% purity in 2025 to 2026. |
| Ucore Rare Metals | Alexandria, Louisiana | Plant building | RapidSX demonstration plant in commissioning since Apr 2026 (company statement); DoD funding of $18.4M plus $4M earlier. |
| ReElement Technologies | Marion, Indiana | Plant building | $80M conditional Office of Strategic Capital loan; capacity goals of 9,000 to over 16,000 t/yr differ between releases and are being added in stages (company statements). |
| Aclara Resources | Port of Vinton, Louisiana | Plant planned | $277M plant; completion targeted at the end of 2027, with feed from Brazil and Chile from mid-2028. |
| Lynas USA | Seadrift, Texas | Plant planned | Lynas flagged significant uncertainty about the Texas plant in Aug 2025. |
Why so few? Why the US cannot yet process most of its own rare earths explains the gap, and the processing and refining companies page lists every plant.
Which US companies make rare earth magnets?
MP Materials, Noveon Magnetics, eVAC Magnetics, USA Rare Earth and Arnold Magnetic Technologies make magnets in the US today. Vulcan Elements and HyProMag USA plan new plants, and MP Materials is building a second campus in Northlake, Texas.
The US Department of Energy projected NdFeB magnet demand of about 38,700 t by 2030 (OSTI, citing DOE 2022). The chart shows stated capacity targets for the plants announced so far. Targets are company-reported, and their dates differ.
See the magnet manufacturers page for each plant and the capacity tracker for capacity against demand.
- 10,000
- 7,000
- 6,400
- 3,000
- 2,000
- 2,000
- 600
What mining company is the US government investing in?
Under the Trump administration, the US Department of Defense (styled the Department of War) invested $400M in MP Materials in July 2025, the largest closed investment tracked here. Larger packages are not closed: USA Rare Earth (up to $1.6B), Energy Fuels ($725M) and Phoenix Tailings ($500M) hold conditional commitments, NioCorp's EXIM loan is in review, and Aclara (up to $750M) and REalloys (up to $200M) hold non-binding EXIM letters of interest.
Of the $8.18B in company-level support rows tracked here, $873M (11%) is closed or awarded.
- Closed or awarded$873M
- Announced$1.92B
- Conditional commitment$3.5B
- Non-binding letter$1.09B
- Under review$790M
- USA Rare Earth Department of Commerce (CHIPS)Up to $1.6BConditional
Up to $277M funding plus up to $1.3B senior secured loan. Definitive agreements, signed after a Jan 26, 2026 letter of intent. Includes $50M for the Stillwater magnet plant and $20M for the Stillwater metal plant. Jun 3, 2026
- NioCorp EXIM$780M to $800MIn review
Loan application. In independent technical review; the company targets construction start in Dec 2026. 2025 to 2026
- Aclara Resources EXIMUp to $750MNon-binding
Letter of interest (Make More in America), tenor up to 15 years. A preliminary indication for Project Dynamo (separation, metals and alloys) at the Port of Vinton, Louisiana. Sept 4, 2026
- Serra Verde Department of War (Economic Defense Unit, IBAS program)$750MAnnounced
Investment in the special purpose vehicle (US SIIE, LLC) that buys Serra Verde output under a 15-year offtake with price floors. For the Pela Ema project in Brazil, which USA Rare Earth acquired on Sept 3, 2026. Part of a $1.55B structure with the $300M forward purchase contract and a $500M bank commitment letter, which is not federal and not counted here. USA Rare Earth says the vehicle was fully capitalized on Aug 24, 2026; the sources checked do not say how much has been paid in. Aug 24, 2026
- Energy Fuels Office of Strategic Capital (Department of War)$725MConditional
20-year loan commitment. For a domestic separation and metallization facility. Jun 2026
- Vulcan Elements Office of Strategic Capital (Department of War)$620MConditional
Conditional loan commitment (joint $700M package with ReElement). Plus $550M of private capital for a plant of about $1B in Benson, North Carolina. Closing is not confirmed in the sources checked. Nov 2025
- Serra Verde US International Development Finance Corporation$565MAnnounced
Senior secured loan with warrants for up to 12% of SVRE Holdings Ltd.. To improve the Pela Ema mine, pay operating costs and refinance shareholder debt, before USA Rare Earth acquired Serra Verde. DFC's board approved the package on Dec 10, 2025 and published it on Feb 3, 2026; whether it has been drawn is not confirmed here. Feb 2026
- Phoenix Tailings Office of Strategic Capital (Department of War)$500MConditional
Long-term loan commitment. Part of a roughly $1B initiative for the Freedom Facility and expansion. Jun 16, 2026
- MP Materials Department of Defense (Department of War)$400MClosed
Convertible preferred stock. Convertible into 13.3M MP shares at $30.03. With a 10-year warrant for 11.2M more shares it equals about 15% of the shares outstanding in Jul 2025, fully converted and exercised. Jul 2025
- Serra Verde Defense Logistics Agency (Department of War)$300MAnnounced
Forward purchase contract with the vehicle for at least $300M of rare earth products over five years. Announced by the Department of War as a Defense Logistics Agency purchase commitment, part of the same $1.55B structure as the $750M investment. The release does not say what the agency will buy or when. Aug 24, 2026
- REalloys EXIMUp to $200MNon-binding
Letter of interest (China and Transformational Exports Program). A preliminary indication of financing for the REalloys mine-to-magnet project capital expansion, with a provisional repayment term of up to 15 years. Oct 29, 2025
- MP Materials Department of Defense (Department of War)$150MClosed
Loan to extend heavy rare earth refining to samarium oxide separation. Part of the Jul 2025 agreement: a $150M unsecured promissory note from MP Materials to the department, 12 years at 5.38% (10-year Treasury plus 1.00%), for Mountain Pass. Aug 2025
- eVAC Magnetics Section 48C (federal tax credit)$111.9MClosed
Advanced energy project tax credit. For the Sumter, South Carolina plant; reported as about $112M in Apr 2024. Date not stated
- Lynas USA Department of WarAbout $96MAnnounced
Binding letter of intent, oxide purchases over four years. Purchases of Lynas oxide; the Seadrift, Texas plant itself remains uncertain. Mar 2026
- eVAC Magnetics Department of Defense$94.1MClosed
Award. For the Sumter, South Carolina NdFeB plant. Date not stated
- HyProMag USA EXIMUp to $92MNon-binding
Letter of interest. For a Texas recycling and magnet facility targeted for mid-2027 commissioning. 2025 to 2026
- ReElement Technologies Office of Strategic Capital (Department of War)$80MConditional
Conditional loan commitment, with warrants to the Department of War. Joint $700M package with Vulcan Elements, announced as part of a $1.4B partnership. Closing is not confirmed in the sources checked. Nov 2025
- Five coal-waste pilots Department of Energy$75MAnnounced
Pilot selections for award negotiation. UND Falkirk, Valor Metals, CONSOL Innovations, American Resources and Peabody were selected. DOE says selection is not a commitment to issue an award, and amounts may change. Jul 1, 2026
- ElementUSA Department of Energy$67MAnnounced
Selected for award negotiation with Colorado School of Mines (Rare Earth Demonstration Facility Program). To design and build a demonstration facility near the Gramercy alumina refinery in Louisiana that recovers rare earths from bauxite residue. DOE calls this a selection for award negotiations, not an award, while the university and press reports call it an award. The $67M figure is the university's. Jun 2, 2026
- Phoenix Tailings Department of EnergyAbout $66MAnnounced
Selected for award negotiation (Rare Earth Demonstration Facility Program). For a demonstration-scale facility that makes high-purity rare earth metals from industrial waste feedstocks, with MIT and the University of Minnesota. The company puts the project cost at $147.8M. DOE says selection is not a commitment to fund and amounts may change. The $66M figure is the company's. Jun 2, 2026
- Vulcan Elements Department of Commerce$50MNon-binding
CHIPS incentive for equipment, with $50M of equity to Commerce. The CHIPS Program Office signed a non-binding preliminary letter of intent for $50M of proposed incentives toward equipment for NdFeB magnet production; Commerce would receive $50M of equity in Vulcan Elements. Announced with the Office of Strategic Capital commitment. Nov 3, 2025
- ElementUSA Department of War$29.9MClosed
Defense Production Act Title III award for a gallium and scandium demonstration plant. To ElementUS Minerals, LLC for a demonstration facility at Gramercy, Louisiana that separates and purifies gallium and scandium from bauxite residue, with initial development work at a research hub in Cedar Park, Texas. It is separate from the DOE rare earth selection below. Nov 20, 2025
- ReElement Technologies Department of War (Industrial Base Fund)$25MClosed
Investment (form not stated). For equipment, installation and working capital to expand refining at the Marion, Indiana facility. The agreement restricts transactions with foreign entities of concern. Jul 15, 2026
- Rare Element Resources Department of Energy$24.2MClosed
Funding for the Upton demonstration plant. DOE approved the budget to start on-site construction in Dec 2023. Date not stated
- Ucore Rare Metals Department of Defense$22.4MClosed
Other Transaction Agreement ($18.4M in May 2025 plus $4M earlier). Initial construction funding for the Louisiana Strategic Metals Complex. May 2025
- NioCorp Department of War$10MClosed
Grant. Separate from the EXIM loan application; about $8.1M received by Jun 30, 2026. 2025
- REEcycle Department of War$5.1MClosed
Defense Production Act Title III award for magnet recycling. To restart a demonstration facility and commission a commercial plant. About $4.3M remained to be disbursed monthly in Jun 2026, when REEcycle agreed a stock-market combination with a Nasdaq-listed acquisition company. Jan 2025
Wider programs, including Project Vault ($12B), the National Defense Stockpile and FAST-41 permitting, are in the government support tracker. The MP Materials deal explainer covers the equity stake, price floor and offtake.
Which US rare earth companies are publicly traded?
15 of the 27 profiled companies are publicly listed, on the NYSE, NYSE American, Nasdaq, TSX, TSXV, ASX or OTC markets. 9 are private and 3 are subsidiaries. Tickers are shown as facts only; this directory gives no investment advice.
- MP MaterialsNYSE: MP
- USA Rare EarthNasdaq: USAR
- Energy FuelsNYSE American: UUUU; TSX: EFR
- American Rare EarthsASX: ARR (US OTC listing)
- Rare Element ResourcesOTCQB: REEMF
- Ramaco ResourcesNasdaq: METC
- NioCorpNasdaq: NB
- Ucore Rare MetalsTSXV: UCU; OTCQX: UURAF
- Idaho Strategic ResourcesNYSE American: IDR
- Aclara ResourcesTSX: ARA
- REalloysNasdaq: ALOY
- American Resources CorpNasdaq: AREC; holds a minority stake in ReElement Technologies
- Dateline ResourcesASX: DTR
- PeabodyNYSE: BTU
- ChemoursNYSE: CC
The publicly traded companies page and the private companies page sort every profile by listing. The editorial policy explains why this site does not publish prices or opinions on securities.
Who owns what in US rare earths?
Several US rare earth companies are changing hands. USA Rare Earth closed its Texas Mineral Resources (Aug 2026) and Serra Verde (Sept 3, 2026) acquisitions, Energy Fuels closed Australian Strategic Materials (Aug 28, 2026) and has agreed to buy Vacuumschmelze, the parent of eVAC Magnetics, for about $1.9B. Parents and ventures sit behind 4 more profiles.
| Deal or holding | Value | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy Fuels acquires Vacuumschmelze (VAC), parent of eVAC Magnetics | About $1.9B ($718M cash plus 65.85M shares) | Agreed; closing expected Q1 2027 | Jun 23, 2026 |
| Energy Fuels acquires Australian Strategic Materials (ASM), adding a metal and alloy plant in South Korea | About US$300M | Closed | Aug 28, 2026 |
| USA Rare Earth acquires Texas Mineral Resources (Round Top) | Not stated here | Closed | Aug 2026 |
| USA Rare Earth acquires Serra Verde, owner of the Pela Ema mine in Brazil | About $2.8B ($300M cash plus 126.8M shares) | Closed | Sept 3, 2026 |
| American Resources Corp holds a minority stake in ReElement Technologies | About 19% of common shares (Nov 2025) | Stake in place | Nov 2025 |
| Compass Diversified owns Arnold Magnetic Technologies | Subsidiary | Ownership in place | n/a |
| Lynas Rare Earths owns Lynas USA | Subsidiary | Ownership in place | n/a |
| Mkango and CoTec formed HyProMag USA | Joint venture | Venture in place | n/a |
See the ownership map for the full picture, including pending closings.
Which states are US rare earth companies based or active in?
Rare earth companies are based in or run mines, plants or pilots in 21 states. Colorado has the most with 6 (USA Rare Earth, Energy Fuels, American Rare Earths, Rare Element Resources, NioCorp and Tusaar), then Texas with 5 and Wyoming with 4. Arkansas, Illinois and Missouri have pages for a historic deposit only, and in North Dakota the only tracked entry is a research pilot, not a company.
- Colorado 6 companies
- Texas 5 companies
- Wyoming 4 companies
- Louisiana 3 companies
- South Carolina 3 companies
- Arizona 2 companies
- California 2 companies
- Indiana 2 companies
- Montana 2 companies
- Nebraska 2 companies
- Oklahoma 2 companies
- Utah 2 companies
- Alaska 1 company
- Florida 1 company
- Georgia 1 company
- Idaho 1 company
- New Hampshire 1 company
- New York 1 company
- North Carolina 1 company
- Ohio 1 company
- Pennsylvania 1 company
- Arkansas historic only
- Illinois historic only
- Missouri historic only
- North Dakota historic only
A company counts in a state when it is headquartered there or has a mine, plant or pilot there, and it counts in each state where it has one. The states page compares the states by sites, plants and companies, and each state page lists its owners, permits and support.
Go deeper
How can I browse US rare earth companies by role or listing?
Each role has its own page with a comparison table, and each company has a profile with assets, funding, risks and sources.
- 13 Mining companies Miners and project developers, from Mountain Pass to exploration-stage explorers.
- 6 Processing and refining companies Who turns concentrate into separated oxides, and who is building plants.
- 6 Metal and alloy makers Oxide to metal and magnet alloy, the step the US has least of.
- 7 Magnet manufacturers Made-in-USA NdFeB and SmCo magnets, with stated capacity.
- 4 Recycling companies Magnet, e-waste and coal-waste recovery.
- 15 Publicly traded companies Tickers and exchanges, as facts only.
- 9 Private companies Which companies are not public, and who backs them.
- 5 US producers by element Who makes NdPr, heavy rare earths, samarium, yttrium and scandium, and cerium and lanthanum, and at what stage.
- + US-listed, projects abroad Companies listed in the US whose projects sit outside it.
- + Ownership map Parents, subsidiaries, ventures and pending acquisitions in one view.
By element: NdPr (neodymium and praseodymium), Dysprosium and terbium, Samarium, Yttrium and scandium, Cerium and lanthanum.
Back to the ground
Where are the mines behind these companies?
Every company here that owns a deposit links to its mine page. The mines directory shows each site's status, resource and next milestone on one table and one map.
Questions about US rare earth companies
What is the biggest rare earth company in the US?
MP Materials is the largest US rare earth producer. It operates Mountain Pass, produced 917 t of NdPr oxide in Q1 2026 and began making NdFeB magnets at Independence, Texas in Dec 2025. Energy Fuels is the only other US company with commercial separation, at about 38 t of NdPr oxide in 2024.
Does the USA have rare earth magnets?
Yes. MP Materials began making NdFeB magnets at Independence in Dec 2025, eVAC Magnetics shipped its first NdFeB magnets from Sumter, South Carolina, and USA Rare Earth commissioned its Stillwater, Oklahoma plant in Mar 2026. Noveon Magnetics and Arnold Magnetic Technologies also make magnets in the US.
Is Vulcan Elements a public company?
No. Vulcan Elements is private. It plans a magnet campus of about $1B in Benson, North Carolina, backed by a conditional $620M Office of Strategic Capital loan commitment and $550M of private capital, announced in Nov 2025.
Is Noveon Magnetics a public company?
No. Noveon Magnetics is private. It raised a $215M Series C in Jan 2026, led by a $200M investment from One Investment Management, and makes magnets in San Marcos, Texas using recycled magnet feedstock.
Is Phoenix Tailings a public company?
No. Phoenix Tailings is private. It has raised more than $150M of private capital, refines rare earth metals at its Exeter, New Hampshire plant (200 t/yr built, company-reported) and holds a conditional $500M Office of Strategic Capital loan commitment from Jun 2026.
Which US companies recycle rare earths?
Cyclic Materials opened a commercial magnet recycling plant in Mesa, Arizona on Sept 9, 2026. Noveon Magnetics uses recycled magnet feedstock, ReElement Technologies refines and recycles rare earths in Indiana, and HyProMag USA plans a Texas recycling facility for mid-2027.
Which US state has the most rare earth companies?
Colorado has the most, with 6 companies headquartered there or running a mine, plant or pilot there: USA Rare Earth, Energy Fuels, American Rare Earths, Rare Element Resources, NioCorp and Tusaar. Texas has 5 and Wyoming has 4.
Sources and verification
Each profile lists its sources, a confidence grade and a verification date. Order of authority: official records (SEC filings, agency documents), company documents and technical reports, research papers, then independent press. Syndicated copies and reference works are labeled and are never the only source for a number. Company-reported figures are labeled as such, and non-binding deals are labeled "letter of intent" or "conditional".
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 Official record
- OSTI review, Minerals Engineering 249 (Kashyap et al., 2026) Research paper
- MP Materials Q1 2026 results (SEC) Official record
- Mining.com on the MP Materials Pentagon deal Independent press
- Energy Fuels 10-Q for Q2 2026 (SEC) Official record
- USA Rare Earth Q2 2026 results (SEC) Official record
- USA Rare Earth 8-K on the Commerce letter of intent (SEC) Official record
- Manufacturing Dive on Vulcan Elements Independent press
- Noveon Magnetics Series C announcement Company document
- Resource Recycling on Cyclic Materials Independent press
Tags show what kind of source each link is. How sources are ranked