Producers by element
US producers of rare earth elements: NdPr, heavy rare earths, samarium and more
The US makes NdPr oxide at two sites, MP Materials' Mountain Pass and Energy Fuels' White Mesa Mill, but no US site produces dysprosium, terbium, yttrium or scandium at sustained commercial scale. The USGS says no company produced sustained commercial quantities of heavy rare earths in 2025, and no separated samarium oxide maker turned up in the sources checked.
34 producer rows across five element groups show who is next: MP Materials expects dysprosium and terbium later in 2026, Energy Fuels' circuits for them are due by the end of 2027, and both plan samarium in 2028. Every date is a company target.
Verified through Oct 1, 2026
- NdPr oxide sites
- 2Mountain Pass and White Mesa Mill
- Stated NdPr oxide capacity
- 3,600 t/yrAgainst about 12,500 t/yr needed in 2030 (OSTI)
- Commercial heavy rare earth producers
- 0No sustained commercial output in 2025 (USGS)
- Import reliance
- 100%Heavy rare earths, yttrium and scandium (USGS)
- Producer rows
- 34Five element groups
The definition
What counts as a US producer of a rare earth element?
A US producer of a rare earth element is a company that makes that element at a US site, as a concentrate, a separated oxide, a metal or alloy, or a finished samarium cobalt magnet. Each row shows its stage, from operating to planned, and a plan is never counted as production.
- Groups
- NdPr, dysprosium and terbium, samarium, yttrium and scandium, and cerium and lanthanum, which Mountain Pass makes as by-products.
- Stage
- Operating, pilot or demonstration, building, or planned. A pilot is not a commercial producer.
- Figures
- The owner's statement, labeled as such. They are never added on this page; the capacity tracker adds them by unit.
- Left out
- NdFeB magnets, which have their own page, and plants whose products no source splits by element.
The comparison
Which US companies produce or plan to produce each rare earth element?
The table lists 34 US producers and projects across five element groups, with the stage of each. NdPr is the only group in commercial operation, so filter by element or stage to see who is next, or open an element's own page for its prices, capacity and supply risks.
| Element | Company | Site and step | Stage | Product, output or capacity as stated | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NdPr | MP MaterialsSan Bernardino County, California | Mountain Pass separations plantSeparated oxide | Operating | NdPr oxide: 2,599 t in 2025; 917 t in Q1 and 840 t in Q2 2026MP says the plant ran below design capacity in 2025 and expects full design capacity in Q1 2027. | sec.gov mpmaterials.com |
| NdPr | Energy FuelsBlanding, Utah | White Mesa Mill, Phase 1 circuitSeparated oxide | Operating | NdPr oxide: 850 to 1,000 t/yr stated; its 2024 commissioning run turned 500 t of monazite into 38 t of NdPr product (company-reported)The circuit shares equipment with uranium milling, so rare earth and uranium runs alternate. | sec.gov sec.gov |
| NdPr | MP MaterialsFort Worth, Texas | IndependenceMetal or alloy | Operating | NdPr metal since Jan 2025; output not publishedMetal and alloy capacity is not stated apart from the magnet capacity. | sec.gov |
| NdPr | Phoenix TailingsExeter, New Hampshire | Exeter metal refineryMetal or alloy | Operating | Metal: 200 t/yr built of 500 t/yr (company-reported); reportedly NdPr metalOutput and customers are not published. | fortune.com globenewswire.com |
| NdPr | USA Rare EarthStillwater, Oklahoma | StillwaterMetal or alloy | Operating | Strip-cast alloy for its own NdFeB magnets; capacity not stated separatelyPart of the Stillwater magnet figure. | sec.gov |
| NdPr | Ucore Rare MetalsAlexandria, Louisiana | Louisiana Strategic Metals ComplexSeparated oxide | Building | About 9,600 t/yr of rare earth feed at full build (not NdPr); Machine A about 600 t/yrA demonstration plant began commissioning in Apr 2026; products include NdPr, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy and a SmEuGd mix. No commercial offtake customer is named in the sources checked. | newsfilecorp.com |
| NdPr | ReElement TechnologiesMarion, Indiana | Marion advanced technology centerSeparated oxide | Building | Over 16,000 t/yr of products across four lines (releases give different targets)Products include NdPr, dysprosium, terbium, gadolinium and yttrium oxides. No output is published. | sec.gov war.gov |
| NdPr | Aclara ResourcesVinton, Louisiana | Port of Vinton separation facilitySeparated oxide | Planned | Dy, Tb and NdPr oxides; capacity not statedA $277M plant to separate mixed carbonate from Brazil and Chile; completion targeted for the end of 2027. | opportunitylouisiana.gov |
| NdPr | Energy FuelsBlanding, Utah | White Mesa Mill, Phase 2 circuitSeparated oxide | Planned | About 5,000 t/yr of NdPr oxide more (over 6,000 t/yr for the whole mill)Not under construction: expected by mid-2029, subject to licensing, financing, feed and a final investment decision. Capital is about $410M. | sec.gov osti.gov |
| NdPr | NioCorpJohnson County, Nebraska | Elk Creek (rare earth products)Separated oxide | Planned | About 650 t/yr of NdPr oxide on average over 40 years (a plan, not a capacity)Rare earths are a secondary stream next to niobium and scandium. | sec.gov |
| Dy and Tb | Phoenix TailingsExeter, New Hampshire | Exeter metal refineryMetal or alloy | Operating | Reportedly a dysprosium-iron alloy; quantity not publishedThe same plant as the NdPr metal row; capacity is for all metal and alloy. | fortune.com globenewswire.com |
| Dy and Tb | Energy FuelsBlanding, Utah | White Mesa MillSeparated oxide | Pilot or demonstration | Dysprosium and terbium oxide at about 99.9% purity at pilot scale; first kilogram of terbium oxide in Mar 2026 (company-reported)The company calls it the first US primary production of these China-licensed elements in decades. | sec.gov cruxinvestor.com |
| Dy and Tb | USA Rare EarthWheat Ridge, Colorado | Wheat Ridge demonstration facilitySeparated oxide | Pilot or demonstration | Dysprosium and NdPr oxide samples from Round Top material, Jul 2026A run of at least 2,000 continuous hours is expected to finish in Oct 2026. | sec.gov |
| Dy and Tb | MP MaterialsSan Bernardino County, California | Mountain Pass heavy rare earth circuitSeparated oxide | Building | Dysprosium and terbium output expected later in 2026; no tonnage givenThe first circuit was mechanically complete in May 2026. Mountain Pass ore carries 0.0% dysprosium and terbium (OSTI), and the sources checked do not name the circuit's feed. | mpmaterials.com sec.gov |
| Dy and Tb | Energy FuelsBlanding, Utah | White Mesa Mill, heavy rare earth expansionSeparated oxide | Building | Up to about 120 t/yr dysprosium oxide and 20 t/yr terbium oxide, by the end of 2027Construction began on Jul 29, 2026 for about $104M; commissioning as early as Q4 2027. | sec.gov |
| Dy and Tb | ReElement TechnologiesMarion, Indiana | Marion advanced technology centerSeparated oxide | Building | Dysprosium and terbium oxides among its products; no separate figureChromatographic separation; targets differ between releases. | sec.gov war.gov |
| Dy and Tb | Ucore Rare MetalsAlexandria, Louisiana | Louisiana Strategic Metals ComplexSeparated oxide | Building | Terbium and dysprosium among the planned products; no separate figureThe Kingston, Ontario demonstration plant has made Tb, Dy and TbDy products. | newsfilecorp.com |
| Dy and Tb | Aclara ResourcesVinton, Louisiana | Port of Vinton separation facilitySeparated oxide | Planned | High-purity dysprosium and terbium oxides; capacity not statedAclara says the output could supply more than 75% of US needs for those elements in electric vehicles (company statement). Feed from Brazil and Chile is expected from about mid-2028. | opportunitylouisiana.gov |
| Dy and Tb | Energy FuelsBlanding, Utah | White Mesa Mill, Phase 2 circuitSeparated oxide | Planned | About 168 t/yr more dysprosium oxide and 60 t/yr more terbium oxide (about 288 t and 80 t for both circuits)By mid-2029, subject to licensing, financing, feed and a final investment decision. The January 2026 study gave 240 t and 66 t for Phase 2 alone. | sec.gov |
| Dy and Tb | NioCorpJohnson County, Nebraska | Elk Creek (rare earth products)Separated oxide | Planned | About 66 t/yr of dysprosium oxide and 17 t/yr of terbium oxide on average over 40 years (a plan, not a capacity)No date is published for rare earth output; the construction target is Dec 2026, subject to financing. | sec.gov |
| Dy and Tb | Lynas USASeadrift, Texas | Seadrift heavy rare earth separation plant (planned)Separated oxide | Planned | Heavy rare earth separation; capacity and date not statedLynas has said significant uncertainty exists over whether the plant will be built. In Mar 2026 it signed a binding letter of intent with the Department of War for about $96M of light and heavy oxide purchases over four years (company-reported). | miningweekly.com |
| Sm | Arnold Magnetic TechnologiesRochester, New York | Rochester headquartersMagnet | Operating | Samarium cobalt magnets; capacity not statedArnold sources samarium outside China, with 2025 supply agreements with Less Common Metals and Solvay. A newer Thailand plant is meant to more than double its SmCo output. | arnoldmagnetics.com arnoldmagnetics.com |
| Sm | Electron Energy CorporationLandisville, Pennsylvania | LandisvilleMagnet | Operating | Samarium cobalt and NdFeB magnets; no capacity figureNot profiled here; the detail comes from the company's own materials. | manufacturing-today.com |
| Sm | Energy FuelsBlanding, Utah | White Mesa Mill, heavy rare earth expansionSeparated oxide | Building | Up to about 140 t/yr of samarium oxide, due by the end of 2028 depending on market needsThe samarium, europium and gadolinium circuits follow the dysprosium and terbium circuits. | sec.gov |
| Sm | Ucore Rare MetalsAlexandria, Louisiana | Louisiana Strategic Metals ComplexSeparated oxide | Building | Samarium and a SmEuGd mix among the planned products; no separate figureThe demonstration plant in Kingston, Ontario has made Sm and SmEuGd products. | newsfilecorp.com |
| Sm | MP MaterialsCalifornia and Texas | Mountain Pass and the 10X campusSeparated oxide | Planned | First samarium production planned in 2028 (company target)A $150M Department of Defense loan, issued Aug 2025, extends heavy rare earth refining to samarium oxide separation. | mpmaterials.com sec.gov |
| Y and Sc | ChemoursFlorida | Heavy-mineral-sand operationsOre or concentrate | Operating | Monazite concentrates that contain yttrium-rich xenotime; no yttrium figureThe USGS says no fully commercial facility in the US could separate or refine yttrium in 2025. | pubs.usgs.gov |
| Y and Sc | Small refiners, named only by place by the USGSAmes, Iowa and Tolleson, Arizona | Small-scale scandium metal refiningMetal or alloy | Operating | Small-scale scandium metal refining capacity; no figureThe USGS says scandium was not commercially mined or recovered in the US in 2025, and lists more capacity under development in Urbana, Illinois and at Elk Creek. | pubs.usgs.gov |
| Y and Sc | ReElement TechnologiesMarion, Indiana | Marion advanced technology centerSeparated oxide | Building | Yttrium oxide among its products; no separate figureNo output is published. | sec.gov war.gov |
| Y and Sc | USA Rare EarthHudspeth County, Texas | Round TopOre or concentrate | Planned | About 72% of the oxide is heavy rare earths plus yttrium (company-reported); first production targeted for H2 2028The feasibility study is expected in Q4 2026. | sec.gov osti.gov |
| Y and Sc | NioCorpJohnson County, Nebraska | Elk CreekSeparated oxide | Planned | Scandium oxide: about 115 t/yr on average over 40 years; 12 t/yr contracted (company-reported)Subject to financing. The USGS says scandium capacity is under development at Elk Creek, and NioCorp received a $10M Department of War grant in 2025. | sec.gov pubs.usgs.gov mining.com |
| Y and Sc | ElementUSAGramercy, Louisiana | Gramercy bauxite residue projectSeparated oxide | Planned | A scandium and gallium demonstration plant; no capacity statedA $29.9M Department of War award of Nov 2025 for the demonstration plant is on the government support tracker. | engineeringnews.co.za |
| Ce and La | MP MaterialsSan Bernardino County, California | Mountain Pass flotation concentrateOre or concentrate | Operating | Concentrate is 32.3% lanthanum and 50.2% cerium by oxide, with 15.7% NdPr (MP reserve model)Before 2025, concentrate that MP did not separate itself was sold, mostly through a distributor to refiners in China; MP stopped all sales to China in Jul 2025 (company). | sec.gov |
| Ce and La | MP MaterialsSan Bernardino County, California | Mountain Pass separations plantSeparated oxide | Operating | Lanthanum carbonate and cerium chloride; no tonnage givenLanthanum and cerium are 82.7% of the Mountain Pass oxide (OSTI), so they are the largest part of the ore and the by-products of NdPr. | osti.gov sec.gov |
Nothing matches that search.
Figures are the owner's statements unless a USGS figure is labeled, and none is added here: the capacity tracker adds them one unit at a time. A plant that appears for more than one element is the same plant. Left out: finished NdFeB magnets (see the magnet manufacturers) and plants whose products are not split by element in any source checked (REalloys' Euclid, Cyclic Materials' Mesa, the Gramercy project and the Brook Mine refinery).
Verified Oct 1, 2026 Every row links to a full profile where one exists.
Download the data: Producers (CSV)Producers (JSON)
Which rare earth elements does the US produce today?
The US produces NdPr oxide at Mountain Pass and White Mesa Mill, and makes lanthanum and cerium products at Mountain Pass. It does not yet produce dysprosium, terbium, yttrium or scandium at commercial scale, and the USGS says no company produced sustained commercial quantities of heavy rare earths in 2025.
Pilot-scale output is real but small: White Mesa Mill has made terbium and dysprosium oxide at about 99.9% purity (company-reported) and USA Rare Earth's Wheat Ridge plant made dysprosium oxide samples from Round Top material in Jul 2026.
- Operating NdPr (neodymium and praseodymium) Mountain Pass made 2,599 t of NdPr oxide in 2025, and White Mesa Mill states 850 to 1,000 t/yr. Metal comes from MP's Independence and Phoenix Tailings' Exeter plant.
- Pilot scale Dysprosium and terbium White Mesa and Wheat Ridge have made small quantities. Commercial circuits: Mountain Pass later in 2026, White Mesa by the end of 2027 (company targets).
- Magnets only Samarium Arnold and Electron Energy make samarium cobalt magnets; Arnold sources samarium outside China. MP and Energy Fuels plan samarium oxide for 2028.
- Not at commercial scale Yttrium and scandium The USGS says no fully commercial US facility could separate or refine yttrium, and scandium was not commercially mined or recovered in 2025. NioCorp plans scandium oxide at Elk Creek.
- By-products Cerium and lanthanum Lanthanum and cerium are 82.7% of Mountain Pass oxide (OSTI). The plant makes lanthanum carbonate and cerium chloride.
How much NdPr oxide can the US make?
Operating plants state about 3,600 t/yr of NdPr oxide, against about 12,500 t/yr of projected US demand in 2030. Counting every plan the stated total reaches 10,840 t/yr, and most of the increase is White Mesa Mill's Phase 2, which is not under construction.
These are stated capacities, not output: Mountain Pass made 2,599 t in 2025. The capacity tracker shows each row, the date it is expected and the basis of the figure.
- 3,600
- 3,600
- 3,600
- 10,840
- 10,840
- 12,500
How much of each rare earth element does the US import?
The US imports all of its heavy rare earths, yttrium and scandium (USGS net import reliance 100%) and imported 67% of its rare earth compounds and metals in 2025, up from 53%. China licenses exports of dysprosium, terbium, samarium, yttrium and scandium, but not NdPr, cerium or lanthanum.
| Element | China's export control | US net import reliance, 2025 | Import sources, 2021 to 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| NdPr | Not licensed | Not reported alone. Rare earth compounds and metals as a whole: 67% in 2025, up from 53% in 2024. | Rare earth compounds and metals: China 71%, Malaysia 13%, Japan 5%, Estonia 5%. |
| Dy and Tb | Licensed since Apr 2025 | 100% (heavy rare earths, compounds and metals). | Terbium compounds and metals: China 100%. |
| Sm | Licensed since Apr 2025 | Not reported by the USGS. | Not reported. Arnold Magnetic Technologies sources samarium outside China. |
| Y and Sc | Licensed since Apr 2025 | 100% for yttrium and 100% for scandium. | Yttrium: China 70%, Germany 11%, Austria 8%, Korea 4%. Scandium oxide: Japan 89%, China 11%. |
| Ce and La | Not licensed | Not reported alone (67% for all rare earth compounds and metals). | Not reported alone. Mountain Pass makes them in the US as by-products. |
Import figures are the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 and describe imports of compounds and metals, not the elements embedded in finished goods. China licenses 7 of the 17 rare earth elements under MOFCOM Announcement No. 18 (Apr 4, 2025); see the export controls timeline.
When could the US make more of each rare earth element?
The next supply dates are company targets: dysprosium and terbium from Mountain Pass later in 2026 and from White Mesa by the end of 2027, samarium in 2028, Aclara's Louisiana plant by the end of 2027 and NioCorp's scandium only after financing. White Mesa's Phase 2 NdPr circuit is expected by mid-2029.
3 of the 47 dated milestones are already past due and not confirmed (see the milestones page), so treat each date as a target, not a schedule. Stated dysprosium oxide capacity is 120 t/yr under construction and 288 t/yr if every counted plan is built.
- Oct 2026 Round Top demonstration run due to endUSA Rare Earth expects its Wheat Ridge, Colorado demonstration plant to finish a run of at least 2,000 continuous hours.
- Q4 2026 MP Materials magnet shipments and heavy rare earth outputCommercial magnet shipments from Independence to General Motors are expected in Q4, with dysprosium and terbium output expected later in 2026 (company statements).
- Dec 2026 Aclara Vinton plant expected to be construction-readyAclara expects its $277M heavy rare earth separation plant at the Port of Vinton, Louisiana to be construction-ready by the end of 2026.
- Dec 2026 Elk Creek construction start (target)NioCorp targets the start of full construction, subject to project financing, with an EXIM application of about $780M to $800M in technical review.
- H1 2027 Ucore Machine A due for commissioningUcore expects Machine A, the first full RapidSX machine at its Alexandria, Louisiana complex, to be installed, tested and commissioned.
- End of 2027 White Mesa terbium and dysprosium circuits dueEnergy Fuels says the terbium and dysprosium circuits of its heavy rare earth expansion are due by the end of 2027, with commissioning as early as Q4 2027 (10-Q).
- End of 2027 Aclara Louisiana plant completion targetedAclara targets completion of the Port of Vinton plant by the end of 2027.
- 2028 MP Materials 10X commissioning and first samariumMP Materials expects the 10X campus in Northlake, Texas to begin commissioning and plans first samarium production.
- End of 2028 White Mesa samarium, europium and gadolinium circuitsEnergy Fuels says the samarium, europium and gadolinium circuits of the heavy rare earth expansion are due by the end of 2028, depending on market needs (10-Q).
- H2 2028 Round Top first commercial production targetUSA Rare Earth targets first commercial production at Round Top in the second half of 2028.
- By mid-2029 White Mesa Phase 2 expected to be completeEnergy Fuels expects to complete the stand-alone Phase 2 circuit by mid-2029, subject to licensing, financing, feed and a final investment decision (10-Q).
Go deeper
How else can I browse US rare earth companies?
Each page has its own definition and comparison table. The profiles behind them carry the sources.
- 2 Processing and refining Who turns concentrate into separated oxides, and who is building plants.
- 4 Metal and alloy makers Oxide to metal and magnet alloy, the step the US has least of.
- 7 Magnet manufacturers Made-in-USA NdFeB and SmCo magnets, with stated capacity.
- 14 Mining companies Miners, project developers, explorers and by-product recoverers.
- 5 Rare earth minerals Bastnaesite, monazite, xenotime, allanite and yttrofluorite: thorium, processing and the US projects that name each.
- ↑ Rare earth companies in the US The full directory with every status and role in one table.
- Capacity trackerStated capacity by unit against 2030 demand
- Upcoming milestonesThe dated steps behind the next-supply timeline
- China export controls timelineWhich elements China licenses, and the Nov 10, 2026 deadline
- How rare earths are separatedWhy heavy rare earths need their own circuits
- From oxide to metal and alloyThe step after separation
- Mountain PassNdPr, lanthanum and cerium; heavy circuit due later in 2026
- White Mesa MillNdPr today; dysprosium and terbium by the end of 2027
- Elk CreekPlanned scandium, NdPr, dysprosium and terbium
- Rare earth mineralsThe minerals that hold each element
Questions about US rare earth producers by element
Which US companies produce NdPr oxide?
MP Materials at Mountain Pass, California, and Energy Fuels at White Mesa Mill, Utah. MP made 2,599 t of NdPr oxide in 2025 and 917 t and 840 t in Q1 and Q2 2026; Energy Fuels states 850 to 1,000 t/yr; its 2024 commissioning run turned 500 t of monazite into 38 t of NdPr product (company-reported).
Does the US produce dysprosium and terbium?
Not at commercial scale. The USGS says several companies produced small quantities in 2025 but none produced sustained commercial-scale quantities. White Mesa Mill has made terbium and dysprosium oxide at pilot scale, and MP Materials expects output later in 2026 (company target).
Does the US produce samarium?
Not as separated oxide in the sources checked. Arnold Magnetic Technologies and Electron Energy Corporation make samarium cobalt magnets, and Arnold sources samarium outside China. MP Materials plans samarium production in 2028 and Energy Fuels by the end of 2028.
Does the US produce yttrium?
No fully commercial US facility could separate or refine yttrium in 2025 (USGS). Yttrium-rich xenotime is in monazite concentrates from Florida, net import reliance is 100%, and China supplied 70% of yttrium imports in 2021 to 2024.
Does the US produce scandium?
Not commercially. The USGS says scandium was not commercially mined or recovered in 2025; small-scale scandium metal refining exists in Ames, Iowa and Tolleson, Arizona, and Elk Creek in Nebraska plans about 115 t/yr of scandium oxide on average, subject to financing (company-reported).
What happens to the lanthanum and cerium from Mountain Pass?
They are by-products: lanthanum and cerium are 82.7% of Mountain Pass oxide (OSTI) and the plant makes lanthanum carbonate and cerium chloride. The USGS says catalysts were the leading domestic use of rare earths in 2025.
Which US company will produce heavy rare earths first?
MP Materials expects dysprosium and terbium later in 2026 and Energy Fuels' circuits are due by the end of 2027, both company targets. White Mesa Mill has already made terbium and dysprosium oxide at pilot scale.
Sources and verification
Each profile lists its sources, a confidence grade and a verification date. Order of authority: official records (SEC filings, agency documents), company documents and technical reports, research papers, then independent press. Syndicated copies and reference works are labeled and are never the only source for a number. Company-reported figures are labeled as such, and non-binding deals are labeled "letter of intent" or "conditional".
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 Official record
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Rare Earths (Heavy) Official record
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Yttrium Official record
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Scandium Official record
- OSTI review, Minerals Engineering 249 (Kashyap et al., 2026) Research paper
- MP Materials 10-K for 2025 (SEC) Official record
- MP Materials Q2 2026 results Company document
- Energy Fuels 10-Q for Q2 2026 (SEC) Official record
- Energy Fuels 10-K for 2024 (SEC) Official record
- Fortune: Phoenix Tailings rare earth refinery in New Hampshire (Aug 2026) Independent press
- Phoenix Tailings: about $1B initiative to rebuild the US rare earth industrial base (GlobeNewswire, Jun 16, 2026) Company document
- USA Rare Earth Q2 2026 results (SEC) Official record
- Ucore: engineering report for the Louisiana Strategic Metals Complex (May 2026) Company document
- American Resources press release on the Nov 2025 partnership (SEC exhibit 99.1) Official record
- Department of War: $25 million investment with ReElement Technologies (Jul 2026) Official record
- Opportunity Louisiana: Aclara invests $277M in Southwest Louisiana Official record
- NioCorp 10-K for fiscal 2026 (SEC) Official record
- Crux Investor: first US terbium oxide in decades at White Mesa Syndicated copy
- Mining Weekly: Lynas flags uncertainty over Texas rare earths plant (Aug 2025) Independent press
- Arnold Magnetic Technologies: strategic investments and agreements for rare earth supply continuity Company document
- Arnold: strategic expansion of Thailand operations Company document
- Manufacturing Today: Electron Energy Corporation Independent press
- Mining.com on NioCorp's Department of War grant Independent press
- Engineering News: Colorado School of Mines and ElementUSA awarded US funding to recover rare earths from alumina tailings (Jun 3, 2026) Independent press
Tags show what kind of source each link is. How sources are ranked