Rare Earth Directory

US producers by element

US producers of NdPr oxide and metal

Two US sites separate NdPr oxide, MP Materials' Mountain Pass and Energy Fuels' White Mesa Mill, and three make NdPr metal or alloy: MP Materials at Independence, Phoenix Tailings at Exeter and USA Rare Earth at Stillwater. Operating plants state about 3,600 t/yr of NdPr oxide, against about 12,500 t/yr of projected demand in 2030.

MP made 2,599 t of NdPr oxide in 2025. The USGS puts the 2025 average NdPr oxide price at $69/kg, below the $110/kg floor in MP's Department of Defense agreement. China does not license neodymium or praseodymium, but it does license magnets that contain dysprosium or terbium.

Verified through Oct 1, 2026

See the table All rare earth companies
Elk Creek: Development, Nebraska Elk Creek Aclara Resources Vinton: Processing / manufacturing (planned), Vinton, Louisiana. $277M plant; construction-ready by end of 2026; completion targeted end of 2027 Aclara Resources Vinton ReElement Technologies Marion: Processing / manufacturing (building), Marion, Indiana. Capacity added in stages from Q3 2026 through Q1 2027; stated targets differ between releases ReElement Technologies Marion Ucore Rare Metals Alexandria: Processing / manufacturing (building), Alexandria, Louisiana. Commissioning of a RapidSX demonstration plant began Apr 20, 2026; first full machine due H1 2027 Ucore Rare Metals Alexandria White Mesa Mill: Processing / manufacturing (operating), Utah White Mesa Mill MP Materials Fort Worth: Processing / manufacturing (operating), Fort Worth, Texas. Began making NdFeB magnets in Dec 2025 MP Materials Fort Worth USA Rare Earth Stillwater: Processing / manufacturing (operating), Stillwater, Oklahoma. Phase 1a commissioned Mar 2026; ramping to 600 t/yr by Q4 2026 USA Rare Earth Stillwater Phoenix Tailings Exeter: Processing / manufacturing (operating), Exeter, New Hampshire. 500 t/yr capacity, initial 200 t/yr (company-reported) Phoenix Tailings Exeter Mountain Pass: Producing rare earths, California Mountain Pass
Mines and projects ProducingOther commodityDevelopmentExploration Plants operatingbuildingplanned
NdPr oxide sites
2Mountain Pass and White Mesa Mill
Stated NdPr oxide capacity
3,600 t/yrMountain Pass is about 72% of it
NdPr oxide, 2025 average
$69/kgAgainst a $110/kg floor (USGS; DoD)
Projected demand, 2030
12,500 t/yrDOE forecast as converted by OSTI
Producer rows
105 operating, 2 building, 3 planned

The definition

What is NdPr oxide?

NdPr oxide is the mixed oxide of neodymium and praseodymium, the rare earths that form the core of NdFeB magnets. It is the main product of a rare earth separation plant, and metal makers reduce it to NdPr metal before it goes into magnet alloy.

Used for
NdFeB magnets. About 0.32 t of NdPr oxide goes into each tonne of magnet (derived from OSTI; see the supply chain guide).
Price
$69/kg on average in 2025, from $124/kg in 2022 (USGS). MP has a $110/kg floor.
China
Neodymium and praseodymium are not licensed, but NdFeB magnets that contain terbium or dysprosium, and samarium magnets, are controlled items.
US makers
MP Materials and Energy Fuels make the oxide; MP, Phoenix Tailings and USA Rare Earth make metal or alloy.

The comparison

Which US companies produce or plan to produce NdPr oxide or metal?

10 US rows make or plan to make NdPr oxide or metal. MP Materials, Energy Fuels, Phoenix Tailings and USA Rare Earth are operating; Ucore Rare Metals and ReElement Technologies are building; Aclara Resources, Energy Fuels and NioCorp are planned. Filter by stage or step to separate what runs today from what is being built.

Stage
Step
10 of 10 shown
US producers and projects for NdPr oxide or metal: who makes it, at which site, at what stage and what the owner states
CompanySite and stepStageProduct, output or capacity as statedSources
MP MaterialsSan Bernardino County, CaliforniaMountain Pass separations plantSeparated oxideOperatingNdPr oxide: 2,599 t in 2025; 917 t in Q1 and 840 t in Q2 2026MP says the plant ran below design capacity in 2025 and expects full design capacity in Q1 2027.sec.gov mpmaterials.com
Energy FuelsBlanding, UtahWhite Mesa Mill, Phase 1 circuitSeparated oxideOperatingNdPr oxide: 850 to 1,000 t/yr stated; its 2024 commissioning run turned 500 t of monazite into 38 t of NdPr product (company-reported)The circuit shares equipment with uranium milling, so rare earth and uranium runs alternate.sec.gov sec.gov
MP MaterialsFort Worth, TexasIndependenceMetal or alloyOperatingNdPr metal since Jan 2025; output not publishedMetal and alloy capacity is not stated apart from the magnet capacity.sec.gov
Phoenix TailingsExeter, New HampshireExeter metal refineryMetal or alloyOperatingMetal: 200 t/yr built of 500 t/yr (company-reported); reportedly NdPr metalOutput and customers are not published.fortune.com globenewswire.com
USA Rare EarthStillwater, OklahomaStillwaterMetal or alloyOperatingStrip-cast alloy for its own NdFeB magnets; capacity not stated separatelyPart of the Stillwater magnet figure.sec.gov
Ucore Rare MetalsAlexandria, LouisianaLouisiana Strategic Metals ComplexSeparated oxideBuildingAbout 9,600 t/yr of rare earth feed at full build (not NdPr); Machine A about 600 t/yrA demonstration plant began commissioning in Apr 2026; products include NdPr, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy and a SmEuGd mix. No commercial offtake customer is named in the sources checked.newsfilecorp.com
ReElement TechnologiesMarion, IndianaMarion advanced technology centerSeparated oxideBuildingOver 16,000 t/yr of products across four lines (releases give different targets)Products include NdPr, dysprosium, terbium, gadolinium and yttrium oxides. No output is published.sec.gov war.gov
Aclara ResourcesVinton, LouisianaPort of Vinton separation facilitySeparated oxidePlannedDy, Tb and NdPr oxides; capacity not statedA $277M plant to separate mixed carbonate from Brazil and Chile; completion targeted for the end of 2027.opportunitylouisiana.gov
Energy FuelsBlanding, UtahWhite Mesa Mill, Phase 2 circuitSeparated oxidePlannedAbout 5,000 t/yr of NdPr oxide more (over 6,000 t/yr for the whole mill)Not under construction: expected by mid-2029, subject to licensing, financing, feed and a final investment decision. Capital is about $410M.sec.gov osti.gov
NioCorpJohnson County, NebraskaElk Creek (rare earth products)Separated oxidePlannedAbout 650 t/yr of NdPr oxide on average over 40 years (a plan, not a capacity)Rare earths are a secondary stream next to niobium and scandium.sec.gov

Figures are the owner's statements unless a USGS figure is labeled, and none is added here: the capacity tracker adds them one unit at a time. A plant that makes more than one element appears on each element's page. The US producers hub shows every element side by side.

Verified Oct 1, 2026 Every row links to a full profile where one exists.

Download the data: Producers (CSV)Prices (CSV)

How much NdPr oxide can the US make?

Operating plants state about 3,600 t/yr of NdPr oxide, and Mountain Pass is about 72% of that. Counting every plan the stated total reaches 10,840 t/yr, most of it White Mesa Mill's Phase 2, which is not under construction, against about 12,500 t/yr of projected demand in 2030.

These are stated capacities, not output: Mountain Pass made 2,599 t in 2025, and White Mesa's 2024 commissioning run turned 500 t of monazite into 38 t of NdPr product (company-reported). The capacity tracker shows each row and the basis of its figure.

Stated US NdPr oxide capacity, cumulative by date, against 2030 demand
  1. Operating now 3,600 Mountain Pass and White Mesa Phase 1
  2. By end of 2027 3,600 Adds each row by its stated year
  3. By end of 2028 3,600 Adds each row by its stated year
  4. By 2030 10,840 Adds each row by its stated year
  5. Including undated plans 10,840 Adds each row by its stated year
  6. Projected demand in 2030 12,500 DOE forecast as converted by OSTI

Tonnes of NdPr oxide per year. Stated capacity, not output; company targets after "now".

What is NdPr oxide worth, and what is the price floor?

The USGS reports an average NdPr oxide price of $69/kg in 2025, down from $124/kg in 2022. MP Materials has a $110/kg floor from the Department of Defense, set in Jul 2025 and running to Dec 31, 2035, so its NdPr is paid above the market price while the market stays below the floor.

The floor is a feature of MP's agreement, not a market price, and no other US producer has one on the sources checked. See the price floor explained and the MP Materials deal.

Average prices of neodymium, praseodymium and NdPr oxide, in dollars per kilogram
Product20212022202320242025
Neodymium oxide, 99.5% minimum98134785673
Praseodymium oxide, 99.99% minimum93128765674
NdPr oxide, 99% minimum92124755569
Floor in MP's Department of Defense agreementnot in placenot in placenot in placenot in place$110 (from Jul 2025)

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, from Argus Media group prices, free on board. Rounded as the USGS prints them.

Who makes NdPr metal in the US?

Three US sites make NdPr metal or alloy: MP Materials at Independence in Fort Worth since Jan 2025, Phoenix Tailings at Exeter, New Hampshire (200 t/yr built of 500 t/yr, company-reported) and USA Rare Earth at Stillwater, Oklahoma (strip-cast alloy for its own magnets). The Department of Energy found no US metal refining in 2022.

Energy Fuels also owns a metal plant, in South Korea, so it is outside the US count. See the metal and alloy makers and the oxide to metal guide.

  • Operating MP Materials, Independence NdPr metal since Jan 2025 and NdFeB magnets since Dec 2025, in Fort Worth, Texas. Metal capacity is not stated apart from the magnet capacity.
  • Operating Phoenix Tailings, Exeter A metal refinery with 200 t/yr built and 500 t/yr of capacity (company-reported); it reportedly makes NdPr metal and a dysprosium-iron alloy.
  • Operating USA Rare Earth, Stillwater Strip casting and alloy for its own magnets, part of the Stillwater magnet figure. A Blacksburg, South Carolina metal campus of 5,000 t/yr is being built.

What are the supply risks for NdPr?

NdPr supply is concentrated in one plant, one price floor and one country's processing. Mountain Pass is about 72% of stated US capacity, and China did 89% of separation, 90% of metal refining and 92% of sintered magnet manufacturing in 2020 (DOE estimates), so the US is building steps it did not have.

  • One site Mountain Pass: about 72% of capacity The plant ran below design capacity in 2025 and MP expects full design capacity in Q1 2027 (company). White Mesa's Phase 1 circuit shares equipment with uranium milling.
  • Price $69/kg against a $110 floor NdPr oxide averaged $124/kg in 2022 and $55/kg in 2024 (USGS), so a plant financed at one price can face another. Only MP has a floor.
  • Controls Not licensed, but magnets are China does not license neodymium or praseodymium, but NdFeB magnets that contain terbium or dysprosium need a Chinese license.
  • Rule DFARS from Jan 1, 2027 Defense contracts bar covered magnets and metals that were mined, refined, separated, melted or produced in China, Russia, Iran or North Korea.

When could the US make more NdPr?

The next dated steps are company targets: MP expects Q3 2026 NdPr output above 1,000 t (not confirmed), ReElement adds capacity at Marion from Q3 2026 to Q1 2027, Ucore commissions its first full machine in H1 2027, and White Mesa's Phase 2 is expected by mid-2029, subject to a final investment decision.

Dated steps toward more US NdPr oxide
  1. Q3 2026 MP Materials NdPr output above 1,000 tMP Materials said it expects Q3 2026 NdPr oxide production to exceed 1,000 t (company statement).
  2. Dec 2026 Elk Creek construction start (target)NioCorp targets the start of full construction, subject to project financing, with an EXIM application of about $780M to $800M in technical review.
  3. Q3 2026 to Q1 2027 ReElement Marion lines come online in stagesReElement Technologies adds capacity at its Marion, Indiana campus in stages as production lines are installed and commissioned.
  4. H1 2027 Ucore Machine A due for commissioningUcore expects Machine A, the first full RapidSX machine at its Alexandria, Louisiana complex, to be installed, tested and commissioned.
  5. H2 2028 Round Top first commercial production targetUSA Rare Earth targets first commercial production at Round Top in the second half of 2028.
  6. By mid-2029 White Mesa Phase 2 expected to be completeEnergy Fuels expects to complete the stand-alone Phase 2 circuit by mid-2029, subject to licensing, financing, feed and a final investment decision (10-Q).
  7. Dec 31, 2035 NdPr price floor endsThe 10-year Price Protection Agreement with MP Materials ends on Dec 31, 2035.

Go deeper

How else can I browse US rare earth companies?

Each page has its own definition and comparison table. The profiles behind them carry the sources.

Questions about US producers of ndpr oxide and metal

Which US companies produce NdPr oxide?

MP Materials at Mountain Pass, California, and Energy Fuels at White Mesa Mill, Utah. MP made 2,599 t in 2025 and 917 t and 840 t in Q1 and Q2 2026; Energy Fuels states 850 to 1,000 t/yr, and its 2024 commissioning run turned 500 t of monazite into 38 t of NdPr product (company-reported).

How much NdPr oxide does the US make?

Operating plants state about 3,600 t/yr, and MP produced 2,599 t of NdPr oxide in 2025. The OSTI review puts Mountain Pass and White Mesa together at about 3,600 t/yr, against about 12,500 t/yr of projected demand in 2030.

What is the NdPr price floor?

A $110/kg floor in MP Materials' Department of Defense agreement, set in Jul 2025 for 10 years: the government tops MP up when the price is lower. The USGS average for 2025 was $69/kg.

Does China control NdPr exports?

Not neodymium or praseodymium themselves. China's Announcement No. 18 licenses samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium and yttrium, and it lists NdFeB magnets that contain terbium or dysprosium and samarium magnets.

Who makes NdPr metal in the US?

MP Materials at Independence (since Jan 2025), Phoenix Tailings at Exeter (200 t/yr built, company-reported) and USA Rare Earth at Stillwater, which strip-casts alloy for its own magnets. The Department of Energy found no US metal refining in 2022.

How much NdPr oxide goes into a magnet?

About 0.32 t per tonne of sintered magnet, derived from OSTI: 38,700 t of magnets in 2030 corresponds to about 12,500 t of NdPr oxide, assuming 25% NdPr in the magnet and about 10% loss.

When will the US make more NdPr oxide?

Ucore's first full RapidSX machine is due in H1 2027, ReElement adds capacity at Marion from Q3 2026 to Q1 2027, and White Mesa's Phase 2 (about 5,000 t/yr more) is expected by mid-2029 subject to licensing, financing, feed and a final investment decision. All are company targets.

Sources and verification

Each profile lists its sources, a confidence grade and a verification date. Order of authority: official records (SEC filings, agency documents), company documents and technical reports, research papers, then independent press. Syndicated copies and reference works are labeled and are never the only source for a number. Company-reported figures are labeled as such, and non-binding deals are labeled "letter of intent" or "conditional".

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