{
 "source": "Rare Earth Directory",
 "url": "https://rareearthdirectory.com",
 "verified": "2026-10-01",
 "license": "Free to use with attribution to the Rare Earth Directory",
 "rows": [
  {
   "id": "mp-mountain-pass",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "mp-materials",
   "facility": "Mountain Pass separations plant",
   "location": "San Bernardino County, California",
   "unit": "NdPr oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 2600,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 2,600",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Reported output",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Now",
   "note": "MP made 2,599 t of NdPr oxide in 2025 and 917 t and 840 t in Q1 and Q2 2026. The OSTI review puts Mountain Pass and White Mesa together at about 3,600 t/yr, so Mountain Pass is that figure less the 1,000 t/yr at White Mesa. MP says its separations plant ran below design capacity in 2025 and expects full design capacity in Q1 2027; the 10-K gives no tonnage.",
   "sources": "https://www.osti.gov/pages/servlets/purl/3438652 https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1801368/000180136826000008/mp-20251231.htm https://mpmaterials.com/news/mp-materials-reports-second-quarter-2026-results",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "ef-white-mesa-p1",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "energy-fuels",
   "facility": "White Mesa Mill, Phase 1 circuit",
   "location": "Blanding, Utah",
   "unit": "NdPr oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 1000,
   "capacity_as_written": "850 to 1,000",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Now",
   "note": "Counted at the top of the stated range. No annual output is published: the 2024 commissioning run turned 500 t of monazite into 38 t of NdPr product (company-reported). The circuit shares equipment with uranium milling, so rare earth and uranium runs alternate.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001385849/000138584926000029/efr-20260630.htm https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1385849/000138584925000004/efr-20241231.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "ef-white-mesa-p2",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "energy-fuels",
   "facility": "White Mesa Mill, Phase 2 circuit",
   "location": "Blanding, Utah",
   "unit": "NdPr oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 5000,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 5,000 more",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Derived",
   "year_expected": 2029,
   "timing": "By mid-2029",
   "note": "The January 2026 study and the 10-Q give over 6,000 t/yr for the whole mill after Phase 2. This row counts the increase over Phase 1 (6,000 less 1,000), so the mill is not counted twice. Phase 2 is not under construction: the company expects to finish it by mid-2029, subject to licensing, financing, feed and a final investment decision. Capital is about $410M.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001385849/000138584926000029/efr-20260630.htm https://www.osti.gov/pages/servlets/purl/3438652",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "roundtop-bearlodge",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "usa-rare-earth; rare-element-resources",
   "facility": "Round Top and Bear Lodge, combined",
   "location": "Texas and Wyoming",
   "unit": "NdPr oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 2240,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 2,240",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Derived",
   "year_expected": 2030,
   "timing": "By 2030 (OSTI)",
   "note": "The OSTI review reaches about 10,840 t/yr of NdPr oxide if all four projects run at 100% of design by 2030, against 8,600 t/yr for Mountain Pass and White Mesa at design. This row is the 2,240 t/yr difference. OSTI calls 100% of design within one to two years of start-up unlikely. USA Rare Earth targets first Round Top production in H2 2028 and Bear Lodge permitting is scheduled to finish in Mar 2028.",
   "sources": "https://www.osti.gov/pages/servlets/purl/3438652",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "ucore-louisiana",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "ucore-rare-metals",
   "facility": "Louisiana Strategic Metals Complex",
   "location": "Alexandria, Louisiana",
   "unit": "TREO feed",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 9600,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 9,600 of feed at full build; Machine A about 600",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Under construction or commissioning",
   "basis": "Study design",
   "year_expected": 2027,
   "timing": "Machine A in H1 2027",
   "note": "Counts tonnes of rare earth oxide feed at full build (three lines of about 3,000 t/yr plus Machine A), not tonnes of NdPr. A demonstration plant began commissioning in Apr 2026. The sources checked name no commercial offtake customer.",
   "sources": "https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/299208/Ucore-Engineering-Report-Drives-Optimized-Commercial-Deployment-Plan-for-Louisiana-Strategic-Metals-Complex",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "reelement-marion",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "reelement-technologies",
   "facility": "Marion advanced technology center",
   "location": "Marion, Indiana",
   "unit": "mixed oxides and products",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 16000,
   "capacity_as_written": "Over 16,000 of products across four lines",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Under construction or commissioning",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2027,
   "timing": "Q3 2026 to Q1 2027",
   "note": "Releases give three different targets: up to 9,000 t/yr of oxide, over 10,000 t/yr (Jan 2026) and over 16,000 t/yr of aggregate product capacity. The figure counts all products, not NdPr, and no output is published.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1590715/000165495425012526/arec_ex991.htm https://www.war.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/4541423/department-of-war-announces-25-million-investment-with-reelement-technologies-t/",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "aclara-vinton",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "aclara-resources",
   "facility": "Port of Vinton separation facility",
   "location": "Vinton, Louisiana",
   "unit": "mixed oxides and products",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not stated",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2027,
   "timing": "Completion by end of 2027",
   "note": "A $277M plant to separate heavy and light oxides from mixed carbonate mined in Brazil and Chile, with metals and alloys planned. Capacity is not stated in the sources checked.",
   "sources": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/aclara-invests-277-million-to-build-nations-first-heavy-rare-earth-separation-facility-in-southwest-louisiana",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "elementusa-gramercy",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "elementusa",
   "facility": "Gramercy bauxite residue project",
   "location": "Gramercy, Louisiana",
   "unit": "mixed oxides and products",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "150 to 1,000",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Demonstration facility construction from mid-2027; first production targeted Q3 2028 (company)",
   "note": "A plant of 150 to 1,000 t/yr of rare earth product from bauxite residue. DOE selected the project for award negotiation in Jun 2026; selection is not an award.",
   "sources": "https://www.minesnewsroom.com/news/colorado-school-mines-and-elementusa-awarded-67m-doe-construction-rare-earth-processing-plant",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "lynas-seadrift",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "lynas-usa",
   "facility": "Seadrift plant (planned)",
   "location": "Seadrift, Texas",
   "unit": "mixed oxides and products",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not stated",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "No date; uncertain",
   "note": "Lynas flagged considerable uncertainty about Seadrift in Aug 2025 and says it lacks the funds to complete it beyond the US money received. No decision has been published.",
   "sources": "https://www.miningweekly.com/article/lynas-flags-uncertainty-over-texas-rare-earths-plant-posts-profit-slump-2025-08-28",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "niocorp-elk-creek",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "niocorp",
   "facility": "Elk Creek (rare earth products)",
   "location": "Johnson County, Nebraska",
   "unit": "NdPr oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 650,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 650 on average over 40 years",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Derived",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "No date; construction target Dec 2026",
   "note": "A long-run average: 25,923 t of NdPr oxide over a 40-year plan, divided by 40. It is not a capacity and no start date is published for rare earth output, so it is not added.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001512228/000119312526402806/nb-20260630.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "ramaco-brook",
   "step": "Separated NdPr oxide",
   "companies": "ramaco-resources",
   "facility": "Brook Mine refinery",
   "location": "Sheridan County, Wyoming",
   "unit": "mixed oxides and products",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 3400,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 3,400 of oxides (2025 assessment)",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Study design",
   "year_expected": 2031,
   "timing": "Initial production 2031 (conceptual study)",
   "note": "Fluor's 2025 preliminary assessment gave about 3,400 t/yr of oxides from about 5 Mt/yr of coal ore, with output targeted for the second half of 2028. The Jul 2026 conceptual study moved first production to 2031. The figure counts all oxides, not NdPr.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687187/000110465926020479/metc-20251231x10k.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "mp-heavy",
   "step": "Separated dysprosium and terbium oxide",
   "companies": "mp-materials",
   "facility": "Mountain Pass heavy rare earth circuit",
   "location": "San Bernardino County, California",
   "unit": "Dy oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not stated",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Under construction or commissioning",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2026,
   "timing": "Output expected later in 2026",
   "note": "The first heavy rare earth separation circuit was mechanically complete in May 2026. MP expects dysprosium and terbium output later in 2026 and first samarium in 2028. No tonnage is given.",
   "sources": "https://mpmaterials.com/news/mp-materials-reports-second-quarter-2026-results https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1801368/000180136826000008/mp-20251231.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "ef-wm-heavy-dy",
   "step": "Separated dysprosium and terbium oxide",
   "companies": "energy-fuels",
   "facility": "White Mesa Mill, heavy rare earth expansion",
   "location": "Blanding, Utah",
   "unit": "Dy oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 120,
   "capacity_as_written": "Up to about 120",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Under construction or commissioning",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2027,
   "timing": "By end of 2027",
   "note": "Construction began on Jul 29, 2026 for about $104M. The dysprosium and terbium circuits are due by the end of 2027, with commissioning as early as Q4 2027; samarium, europium and gadolinium follow by the end of 2028.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001385849/000138584926000029/efr-20260630.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "ef-wm-heavy-tb",
   "step": "Separated dysprosium and terbium oxide",
   "companies": "energy-fuels",
   "facility": "White Mesa Mill, heavy rare earth expansion",
   "location": "Blanding, Utah",
   "unit": "Tb oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 20,
   "capacity_as_written": "Up to about 20",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Under construction or commissioning",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2027,
   "timing": "By end of 2027",
   "note": "The terbium circuit of the same expansion. White Mesa made its first kilogram of terbium oxide at 99.9% purity in Mar 2026.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001385849/000138584926000029/efr-20260630.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "ef-wm-p2-dy",
   "step": "Separated dysprosium and terbium oxide",
   "companies": "energy-fuels",
   "facility": "White Mesa Mill, Phase 2 circuit",
   "location": "Blanding, Utah",
   "unit": "Dy oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 168,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 168 more",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Derived",
   "year_expected": 2029,
   "timing": "By mid-2029",
   "note": "The 10-Q gives about 288 t/yr of dysprosium oxide for the Phase 1 and Phase 2 circuits together, so this row is 288 less the 120 above. The January 2026 study gave 240 t/yr for Phase 2 alone, which would make the total 360. The row uses the later and lower filing.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001385849/000138584926000029/efr-20260630.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "ef-wm-p2-tb",
   "step": "Separated dysprosium and terbium oxide",
   "companies": "energy-fuels",
   "facility": "White Mesa Mill, Phase 2 circuit",
   "location": "Blanding, Utah",
   "unit": "Tb oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 60,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 60 more",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Derived",
   "year_expected": 2029,
   "timing": "By mid-2029",
   "note": "The 10-Q gives about 80 t/yr of terbium oxide for both circuits together, so this row is 80 less the 20 above. The January 2026 study gave 66 t/yr for Phase 2 alone.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001385849/000138584926000029/efr-20260630.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "niocorp-heavy",
   "step": "Separated dysprosium and terbium oxide",
   "companies": "niocorp",
   "facility": "Elk Creek (rare earth products)",
   "location": "Johnson County, Nebraska",
   "unit": "Dy oxide",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 66,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 66 on average (Tb about 17)",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Derived",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "No date; construction target Dec 2026",
   "note": "Averages over a 40-year plan (2,649 t of dysprosium oxide and 690 t of terbium oxide), not capacities. Not added.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001512228/000119312526402806/nb-20260630.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "phoenix-exeter-built",
   "step": "Metal and alloy",
   "companies": "phoenix-tailings",
   "facility": "Exeter metal refinery (built)",
   "location": "Exeter, New Hampshire",
   "unit": "metal and alloy",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 200,
   "capacity_as_written": "200",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Now",
   "note": "Company-reported: 200 t/yr built. Output and customers are not published.",
   "sources": "https://fortune.com/2026/08/03/phoenix-tailings-rare-earth-refinery-new-hampshire-pentagon/ https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/06/16/3312801/0/en/u-s-department-of-war-helps-launch-an-1b-initiative-with-phoenix-tailings-to-rebuild-america-s-rare-earth-industrial-base.html",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "phoenix-exeter-more",
   "step": "Metal and alloy",
   "companies": "phoenix-tailings",
   "facility": "Exeter metal refinery (capacity not yet built)",
   "location": "Exeter, New Hampshire",
   "unit": "metal and alloy",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 300,
   "capacity_as_written": "300 more",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Derived",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "No date",
   "note": "The company says the plant has 500 t/yr of capacity with 200 t/yr built; this row is the 300 t/yr difference.",
   "sources": "https://fortune.com/2026/08/03/phoenix-tailings-rare-earth-refinery-new-hampshire-pentagon/ https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/06/16/3312801/0/en/u-s-department-of-war-helps-launch-an-1b-initiative-with-phoenix-tailings-to-rebuild-america-s-rare-earth-industrial-base.html",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "phoenix-freedom",
   "step": "Metal and alloy",
   "companies": "phoenix-tailings",
   "facility": "Freedom Facility",
   "location": "Site not stated",
   "unit": "metal and alloy",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not stated",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2028,
   "timing": "Initial operations 2028",
   "note": "A roughly $1B plant for separation and metallization of light and heavy rare earths, backed by a conditional $500M Office of Strategic Capital commitment (Jun 16, 2026).",
   "sources": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/06/16/3312801/0/en/u-s-department-of-war-helps-launch-an-1b-initiative-with-phoenix-tailings-to-rebuild-america-s-rare-earth-industrial-base.html",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "usar-blacksburg-metal",
   "step": "Metal and alloy",
   "companies": "usa-rare-earth",
   "facility": "Blacksburg campus (metal and alloy)",
   "location": "Blacksburg, South Carolina",
   "unit": "metal and alloy",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 5000,
   "capacity_as_written": "5,000",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Under construction or commissioning",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2028,
   "timing": "Commissioning 2028",
   "note": "Groundbreaking was on Sept 9, 2026. The same campus is planned for 6,400 t/yr of magnets.",
   "sources": "https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/09/09/rare-earth-breaks-ground-upstate-facility-promising-close-500-new-jobs/ https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001970622/000197062226000056/exhibit991-earningsrelease.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "mp-independence-metal",
   "step": "Metal and alloy",
   "companies": "mp-materials",
   "facility": "Independence (NdPr metal)",
   "location": "Fort Worth, Texas",
   "unit": "metal and alloy",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not stated separately",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Since Jan 2025",
   "note": "MP has made NdPr metal at Independence since Jan 2025. Its metal and alloy capacity is not stated apart from the magnet capacity.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1801368/000180136826000008/mp-20251231.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "usar-stillwater-metal",
   "step": "Metal and alloy",
   "companies": "usa-rare-earth",
   "facility": "Stillwater (strip casting and metal)",
   "location": "Stillwater, Oklahoma",
   "unit": "metal and alloy",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not stated separately",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Phase 1a since Mar 2026",
   "note": "Strip casting and metal for USA Rare Earth's own magnets; part of the Stillwater magnet figure.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001970622/000197062226000056/exhibit991-earningsrelease.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "realloys-euclid",
   "step": "Metal and alloy",
   "companies": "realloys",
   "facility": "Euclid metallization facility",
   "location": "Euclid, Ohio",
   "unit": "metal and alloy",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not published",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Now (company statement)",
   "note": "Operating status and capacity rest on company statements; neither output nor capacity is published.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1567900/000118518526000663/realloysex99-1.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "vulcan-benson-metal",
   "step": "Metal and alloy",
   "companies": "vulcan-elements",
   "facility": "Benson campus (metal)",
   "location": "Benson, North Carolina",
   "unit": "metal and alloy",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not stated separately",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "No date",
   "note": "The planned campus is described as making magnets and metal; metal capacity is not stated apart from the 10,000 t/yr of magnets.",
   "sources": "https://www.miningweekly.com/article/rare-earth-magnet-startup-vulcan-elements-to-build-1bn-north-carolina-plant-2025-11-19",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "mp-independence",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "mp-materials",
   "facility": "Independence magnet plant",
   "location": "Fort Worth, Texas",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 3000,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 3,000",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Projected; no date",
   "note": "The 10-K says MP committed to expand the plant to a projected 3,000 t/yr of magnets. It began making magnets on commercial equipment in Dec 2025 and has delivered qualification samples to General Motors; commercial shipments are expected in Q4 2026. Output is not published.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1801368/000180136826000008/mp-20251231.htm https://mpmaterials.com/news/mp-materials-reports-second-quarter-2026-results",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "evac-sumter",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "vacuumschmelze-evac",
   "facility": "Sumter NdFeB plant",
   "location": "Sumter, South Carolina",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 2000,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 2,000",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Now",
   "note": "VAC's release gives about 2,000 t/yr nameplate. Trade press reports the plant was built for 4,000 t/yr with a pathway to 12,000 t/yr; those figures are not counted. Commercial production began in fall 2025 and output is not published.",
   "sources": "https://vacuumschmelze.com/Newsroom/evac-magnetics-holds-opening-ceremony-for-sumter-south-carolina-rare-earth-magnet-manufacturing-facility-n2902",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "noveon-san-marcos",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "noveon-magnetics",
   "facility": "San Marcos magnet plant",
   "location": "San Marcos, Texas",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 2000,
   "capacity_as_written": "More than 2,000 (target)",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Target; no date",
   "note": "Noveon says it is scaling beyond 2,000 t/yr (Jan 2026). The row counts 2,000 as the floor of that target. Current output is not published.",
   "sources": "https://noveon.co/noveon-completes-series-c",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "usar-stillwater",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "usa-rare-earth",
   "facility": "Stillwater magnet plant",
   "location": "Stillwater, Oklahoma",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 600,
   "capacity_as_written": "600",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Run rate expected by Q4 2026",
   "note": "Phase 1a was commissioned in Mar 2026. 600 t/yr is the run rate the company expects by Q4 2026. USA Rare Earth states 10,000 t/yr for Stillwater and Blacksburg together, which leaves about 3,000 t/yr without its own figure; that part is not counted.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001970622/000197062226000056/exhibit991-earningsrelease.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "vulcan-rtp",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "vulcan-elements",
   "facility": "Research Triangle Park plant",
   "location": "Research Triangle Park, North Carolina",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 10,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 10",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Now (Oct 2025)",
   "note": "A 21,000 sq ft plant that opened on Mar 31, 2025.",
   "sources": "https://www.manufacturingdive.com/news/vulcan-elements-benson-north-carolina-magnet-facility-defense-rare-earth/806075/",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "mp-10x",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "mp-materials",
   "facility": "10X magnet campus",
   "location": "Northlake, Texas",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 7000,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 7,000",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Under construction or commissioning",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2028,
   "timing": "Commissioning from 2028",
   "note": "The 10-K estimates 7,000 t/yr once completed and scaled, and 10,000 t/yr with Independence. The Pentagon buys the output for 10 years.",
   "sources": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1801368/000180136826000008/mp-20251231.htm https://mpmaterials.com/news/mp-materials-reports-second-quarter-2026-results",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "usar-blacksburg",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "usa-rare-earth",
   "facility": "Blacksburg campus",
   "location": "Blacksburg, South Carolina",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 6400,
   "capacity_as_written": "6,400",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Under construction or commissioning",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": 2028,
   "timing": "Commissioning 2028",
   "note": "Groundbreaking was on Sept 9, 2026. The campus is also planned for 5,000 t/yr of metal and alloy.",
   "sources": "https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/09/09/rare-earth-breaks-ground-upstate-facility-promising-close-500-new-jobs/ https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001970622/000197062226000056/exhibit991-earningsrelease.htm",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "vulcan-benson",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "vulcan-elements",
   "facility": "Benson magnet campus",
   "location": "Benson, North Carolina",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 10000,
   "capacity_as_written": "10,000",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Company target",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Significant output by 2027 (company); full capacity undated",
   "note": "About $918M. The company says a significant share will be online by 2027; no date is published for the full 10,000 t/yr. A conditional $620M Office of Strategic Capital loan commitment to Vulcan was announced in the same month.",
   "sources": "https://www.miningweekly.com/article/rare-earth-magnet-startup-vulcan-elements-to-build-1bn-north-carolina-plant-2025-11-19",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "hypromag-dfw",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "hypromag-usa",
   "facility": "Dallas-Fort Worth recycling and manufacturing hub",
   "location": "Denton County, Texas",
   "unit": "NdFeB magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 941,
   "capacity_as_written": "About 941",
   "counted_in_totals": true,
   "phase": "Planned",
   "basis": "Study design",
   "year_expected": 2027,
   "timing": "Commissioning target mid-2027",
   "note": "Sintered magnets made from recycled magnet material, from the updated design (the first feasibility study gave about 750 t/yr). Commissioning depends on final permitting and financing.",
   "sources": "https://www.investegate.co.uk/announcement/rns/mkango-resources--mka/hypromag-usa-provides-positive-update-to-valuation/9295798",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "arnold-rochester",
   "step": "Sintered NdFeB magnets",
   "companies": "arnold-magnetic-technologies",
   "facility": "Rochester technology center",
   "location": "Rochester, New York",
   "unit": "SmCo magnets",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": "",
   "capacity_as_written": "Not stated",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Now",
   "note": "Arnold fabricates and tests samarium cobalt magnets in Rochester. Its US sintering capacity is not stated, and new SmCo capacity is in Thailand.",
   "sources": "https://www.arnoldmagnetics.com/about/",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "cyclic-mesa",
   "step": "Recycling",
   "companies": "cyclic-materials",
   "facility": "Mesa recycling plant",
   "location": "Mesa, Arizona",
   "unit": "material taken in",
   "capacity_tonnes_per_year": 25000,
   "capacity_as_written": "Up to 25,000",
   "counted_in_totals": false,
   "phase": "Operating",
   "basis": "Stated capacity",
   "year_expected": "",
   "timing": "Opened Sept 9, 2026",
   "note": "Counts end-of-life material the plant can take in, not rare earth recovered. More than 7,000 t had arrived by opening, and recovered output is not published.",
   "sources": "https://cyclicmaterials.earth/resources/cyclic-materials-opens-americas-first-commercial-scale-facility-delivering-automated-rare-earth-magnet-recovery",
   "verified": "2026-10-01"
  }
 ]
}